As they hit the trail of the terrorists
behind Tuesday's outrage, investigators are poring over credit card receipts in
search of financial signs pointing to where they came from and who paid their
way here, sources say.
In what could be the first major break in
the terror probe, law enforcement officials have uncovered the purchase with a
single credit card of seven tickets on the two flights hijacked from Logan
International Airport, sources say.
The credit card purchase led to the dramatic
apprehension yesterday afternoon of three people at the Westin Hotel, sources
say.
For investigators of Tuesday's terror
attack, examining the suspicious credit card will most likely be just the first
step in a long and winding financial trail, experts say.
Uncovering the money trail, in turn, could
eventually enable the U.S. government to locate and help seize accounts and
assets used to finance the worst attack on the U.S. since Pearl Harbor.
But there is no guarantee that investigators
will be able to totally shut off the flow of hot money, with terrorists
becoming increasingly sophisticated in covering their financial tracks.
"I would say lots of luck," said
Edith Flynn, a professor emeritus of criminal justice at Northeastern
University. "The flow of money is extremely well hidden. There are so many
other lines and sidelines."
For starters, law enforcement officials are
expected to intensively mine the credit card lead, experts say. Customarily,
credit card issuers will require a consumer to provide them with a bank account
number, said Jack Blum, a Washington lawyer and former special counsel to the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
"That's really when you start finding
out where the money came from," said Blum, who was once an aide to Sen.
John F. Kerry (D- Mass.).
Oddly enough, obtaining a credit card is not
that hard for terrorists, and is preferable to paying cash, which would raise
suspicions, Blum noted. False passports or other forms of ID are easy to get in
many places overseas, he added, and those could be used to obtain a credit
card.
Law enforcement officials will also eye
other possible sources of financial support for the terrorists, which could
include a range of illegal dealings.
The investigation of the 1992 World Trade
Center bombing uncovered extensive illegal sales of counterfeit copies of
watches and other consumer products, said Michael Kessler, a New York-based
specialist in forensic accounting who was a consultant on the earlier Trade
Center bombing probe.
"You can't carry this off if you are a
beggar in the street. Someone had to fund this operation and fund it big time,"
Kessler said.
However, tracking down and seizing the big
money - the intricate web of accounts and funds ultimately behind the massive
terrorist attack - could prove more elusive, experts say.
Suspected terrorist mastermind Osama bin
Laden, one of the main suspects in Tuesday's devastating attack, has been the
focus of law enforcement scrutiny since at least the early 1990s. In fact, bin
Laden was believed to be behind the 1992 Trade Center bombing.
While bin Laden's assets may still flow to
fanatics bent on launching ever more dramatic attacks, it may not be the fault
of the U.S. government.
John D. Moore, a former U.S. State
Department terrorism expert who is now a Tufts University graduate student,
said terrorists have become skilled in evading financial detection.
Middle Eastern terror groups are known to
employ ancient banking practices involving couriers traveling from city to city
with paper vouchers. A system based on trust and personal connections, such
money networks can be very hard to track.
Still, Tamar Frankel, a Boston University
law professor and an expert on financial institutions and corporate law,
believes a coordinated attack on the sources of terrorist financing by the U.S.
and countries around the world could ultimately prove less costly than massive
military retaliation.
The key to such an approach would be for the
U.S. to convince countries that may be harboring - and potentially profiting
from - terrorist bank accounts to participate in such a crackdown.
South Africa and various islands in the Caribbean
are known to be hot spots for money laundering.
"If all the countries were to get
together and say we will simply not allow this money to be used . . . in the
last analysis it's cheaper, it's cleaner, and our people will not get killed,"
Frankel said.